Electromechanical Impedance Spectral Features for Structural Health Monitoring of Satellite Structures

Abstract

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a key enabling technology for future smart spacecraft, providing critical capabilities for in-flight structural assessment, mission decision-making, and cost-effective vehicle management. Among various SHM methods, the electro-mechanical impedance approach stands out due to its compatibility with compact, lightweight hardware and potential for onboard processing. This study exemplifies the application of a low-power electro-mechanical impedance measurement device to SHM of bolted joints in the sattelite structure. The SHM implementation incorporates Solstar’s Deke Space Communicator device. Impedance spectra were analyzed using statistical descriptors, global spectral methods (e.g., RMSD, MAPD, correlation coefficient), and alternative approaches such as band integration. The study provides recommendations on selecting damagesensitive spectral features and supports the implementation of onboard SHM systems for space applications. These findings contribute toward enabling autonomous structural monitoring and condition reporting for space assets.