Fire Safety of Rechargeable Battery Energy Storage Systems: Present and Future Prospects

Abstract

The fire safety of the elements is determined by the various testing methods and procedures, which simulate the real world scenarios. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) continue to be developed and increased in size due to user demand. Simultaneously, European and global testing standards use test methods are not harmonized and use methodology of dubious accuracy and repeatability. In consequence, general concept of the fire safety in terms of battery energy storage systems can be advanced, especially under the circumstances the BESS fires are known for their high intensity, heat release, and inability to be efficiently doused. With exponentially increasing stock of the BESS in recent and upcoming years, the focus on the fire safety should be expanded. This paper aims to present the current state of testing methods in the field of fire resistance and mechanical failure of the BESS. The analysis will envelop multiple markets around the world and the major differences between them due to lack of harmonization, as well as evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of the selected method. Consequently, the article will present the future prospects and what can be done to ensure fire safety of the BESS using standardization.